Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) family localized in chorionic cells within the epitheliochorial/diffuse placenta of the alpaca (Lama pacos)

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are abundant embryo-originated products expressed in the pre-placental trophoblast and later in the post-implantational chorionic epithelium of some ungulate species. This paper describes the cellular immunolocalization of the chorionic PAG family in the epitheliochorial placenta type of the alpaca (Lama pacos—Lp), in which the PAGs were named ‘LpPAGs’. Placental Lp sections (5 μm) of different females near mid-pregnancy (150 days post coitum; dpc), advanced pregnancy (244-263 dpc) and late pregnancy (347 dpc) were used for cross-species (heterologous—ht) double fluorescent immunohistochemistry (htdF-IHC). The htdF-IHC was performed with primary rabbit polyvalent anti-porcine PAG polyclonals. The LpPAG immuno-complexes were visualized with secondary goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins-conjugated with Alexa 488 fluorophore (green), among all nuclei of placental cells stained with propidium iodide (red). This is the first study reporting the immunolocalization of the LpPAG family identified by htdF-IHC at the feto/maternal interface during different pregnancy stages of the alpaca. The most dominant and strongest immune-positive LpPAG signals were found in the well-developed chorionic cell layer. Our htdF-IHC indicated relatively high epitope resemblance to that of the PAGs in camelids and pigs. These data increase our general knowledge of chorionic PAG localization during pregnancy-stage dependent development of the epitheliochorial diffuse placenta type in the alpaca.     

Recent advances in molecular gynaecological pathology

This review gives an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of gynaecological malignancy, including cervical, vulval, endometrial and ovarian tumours. These advances are beginning to influence clinical practice, perhaps most notably with the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination for the prevention of anogenital neoplasia, but are likely to have broader clinical implications as further details emerge.     

子宫内膜干细胞在内膜再生方面的研究进展

人类子宫内膜中存在干细胞,其对子宫内膜的再生起着关键作用。子宫内膜干细胞位于基底层,并存在上皮、间充质和内皮细胞3种类型,它们在子宫内膜上皮修复、再生中都起着重要的作用;子宫内膜干细胞的分布和功能异常将导致子宫内膜再生相关性疾病(如Asherman综合征、子宫内膜异位症)的发生。     

长期雌激素替代治疗对大鼠子宫内膜bcl-2和H-ras基因与蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨长期雌激素替代治疗对子宫内膜bcl-2和H-ras基因和蛋白表达的影响。方法：将30只5月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分成3组：对照组（假手术+注射溶剂,n=10）、去势组（双侧卵巢切除术+注射溶剂,n=10）和雌激素替代组（双侧卵巢切除术+注射雌二醇,n=10）。第13周处死动物,取其子宫称重,HE染色进行病理分析,测量子宫内膜厚度。用原位杂交和免疫组织化学的方法检测子宫内膜bcl-2 mRNA, H-ras mRNA及Bcl和H-ras蛋白的表达。结果：去势组子宫湿重、内膜厚度均低于假手术组（P<0.01）和雌激素替代组（P<0.01）。替代组出现1例单纯性增生和1例鳞状细胞化生。替代组bcl-2和H-ras mRNA和Bcl和H-ras蛋白表达量明显高于去势组（P<0.01）,与假手术组差异无统计学意义。结论：长期雌激素替代治疗能抑制子宫内膜萎缩,且会出现单纯性增生或鳞状细胞化生,具有潜在增加子宫内膜癌的发病风险。雌激素可通过增加bcl-2和H-ras mRNA及Bcl和H-ras蛋白的表达,抑制子宫内膜细胞的凋亡,促进细胞增殖。     

宫腔镜检查50例功血患者热球仪治疗后的效果分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜检查功血患者热球仪治疗后的效果。方法:对我院2007年至2008年2月以来采用热球子宫内膜治疗仪治疗功血的50例患者的诊治情况进行回顾性研究,分析术后6个月及12个月的宫腔镜检查情况。结果:50例患者术后随访有30例治愈(闭经6个月以上);20例月经量较前明显减少,总有效率达100%,治疗前后效果差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。且50例患者均无出现明显的并发症。术后6个月宫腔镜检查:宫腔粘连15例,边分离边进镜。镜下见:白色伴有膜状物的内膜10例,粉色伴有膜状物内膜13例,淡黄色伴有膜状物内膜12例。术后12个月宫腔镜检查:宫腔粘连8例,边分离边进镜。镜下:白色伴有膜状物的内膜25例,粉色伴有膜状物内膜10例,淡黄色伴有膜状物内膜15例,行诊断性刮宫2例,病理回报:子宫内膜轻度不典型增生1例,单纯性子宫内膜增生1例,所有患者宫腔镜检查双侧宫角可见正常子宫内膜。结论:热球子宫内膜剥离治疗对功血引起的月经过多具有良好的临床疗效,且安全、方便,但术后需定期行宫腔镜检查预防残余内膜病变是非常重要的,本研究提示术后一年行宫腔镜检查是十分必要的。     

乳腺癌术后他莫昔芬治疗患者子宫及卵巢病变情况的研究

目的：研究乳腺癌术后使用他莫西芬（Tamoxifen,TAM）治疗后发生子宫及卵巢病变的危险性。方法：采用配对研究方法,选取嘉兴巾第一医院20042008年63例乳腺癌手术患者,并进行随访观察。结果：63例乳腺癌病人,最长随访52个月,最短随访34个月,期间无失访和死亡。其中,实验组（42例）发生子宫内膜病变11例,子宫肌瘤8例,卵巢囊肿5例;对照组（21例）发现子宫内膜病变4例,子宫肌瘤2例,卵巢囊肿3例。实验组和对照组子宫及卵巢病变发病率差异有统计学意义,绝经前后发病率差异也有统计学差异,病理检查未发现子宫内膜癌。结论：他莫两芬有可能是子宫和卵巢病变的发病危险因素,但由于目前他莫西芬仍是乳腺癌治疗一线药物,对于长期接受他莫西芬治疗的病例,要定期进行子宫内膜检查,加强监测,定期随访。